Several witnesses, indeed, observed a weapon extended from the 60.7 feet (18.5 meters) high sixth-floor easternmost open window of the depository, 265.3‘ away from the President when his head first exploded. One witness saw that weapon fire, yet he also testified that assassin was a dark-skinned, balding man, and the witness remembered hearing 4 separate shots. Another witness who saw a rifle testified he remembered hearing 2 shots, and, he saw that assassin's upper body half, yet, on the evening of November 22, 1963 (and despite seeing Lee Harvey Oswald's face on television), he refused to positively identify that assassin as Oswald.
Several witnesses have claimed to see an assassin fire from the grassy knoll where a reporter's film segment seems to show gun smoke, where several overpass witnesses saw gun smoke, and where one government investigation scientifically determined that a shot had been fired.
Shortly before the attack started, several witnesses saw a second man wearing a dark colored coat standing with a sixth floor eastern-most window assassin. Another witness testified to seeing two armed assassins behind different open windows on each end of the sixth floor of the depository.
There were approximately 700 bystanders, witnesses, and motorcade witnesses within Dealey Plaza throughout the assassination. Of 267 identified witnesses who expressed or were asked the number of shots they recalled hearing, 249 (93%) claimed to hear only 3 shots (or 3 closely spaced volleys of shots), or fewer.
Of 207 witnesses who expressed or were asked from where the shots they remembered hearing originated from 34 could not tell (16%), 63 heard all shots they remembered hearing come from the depository or the Houston/Elm intersection area of the depository (31%), and 110 witnesses remembered hearing at least one shot that did not come from the depository or the Houston/Elm intersection area (53%). Therefore, of the 173 persons who stated a specific opinion of the shots locations, 64% remembered hearing at least one shot that did not come from the depository or the Houston/Elm intersection area, while 36% heard all shots they remembered hearing come from the depository or the Houston/Elm intersection area of the depository.
The vast majority of persons said that the first audible muzzle blast (or the first mechanically-suppress-fired bullet bow shockwave or the first closely-bunched volley of shots) that they remembered hearing sounded different than the follow-up audible shots. Seven witnesses stated they saw the debris and/or spark of something, probably bullet-related, striking the Elm Street pavement during the attack. The majority of witnesses who expressed an opinion of the timing of the audible shots they remembered hearing said the second and third shots (or the second and third closely-bunched volley of shots) were noticeably bunched distinctly closer together in time than the first and second shots.
The presidential limousine shortly before the assassination
A Dallas Policeman motorcycle escort said he heard something clang against his motorcycle then looked down and saw a bullet slug bounce away from his motorcycle.
As seen in several photos and films during the assassination, the wind was blowing from the southwest towards the depository, yet several ground-level witnesses and motorcade witnesses at street level testified that they smelled gunpowder. Several witnesses testified that gun smoke lingered long enough to be seen near the place from which they heard at least one audible shot originate --the picket fence of the grassy knoll.
Three witnesses have testified that they saw an assassin fire a weapon from behind the picket fence on the grassy knoll. One witness stated he encountered a business-suited man behind the grassy knoll who had a weapon under his suit coat and who said to him (and others nearby) not to come up here because they might get shot. Several witnesses were close enough to President Kennedy to detail the bullets wounding results and timing reactions of President Kennedy, Governor Connally, and other limousine occupants to each other and to the shots remembered heard. A witness testified she was told that a Dealey Plaza stationed “agent“ saw something kick up ground debris near her feet. (there is no documentation of any "agent" or "agents" ever being stationed before or during the assassination anywhere within Dealey Plaza) Two more witnesses later commented that they examined two parallel ground tracks that a Dallas policeman had told them were where bullets had struck, and that these furrows aligned with the grassy knoll (although their FBI interview states they could visibly see only one track, and that it "generally aligned with the depository").
Known Witnesses
Abraham Zapruder - Filmed the entire attack with his movie camera. A November 22 note from a Secret Service agent (Warren Commission Document, CD87) stated that Mr. Zapruder heard shots originate from behind him (during the shots, behind Zapruder's facing direction was the picket fence and triple overpass areas of the grassy knoll).
James Tague - An Air Force veteran who was also wounded with a small cut on his right facial cheek during the assassination while standing 270 feet (82 meters) in front of the limousine. Tague testified he was wounded with the second or third shot he remembered hearing, and when pressed for which shot, he testified it was with the second shot that cement debris or a bullet fragment struck him. Tague stated that the shots came from near the monument on the grassy knoll. The Main Street south curb 23 feet 6 in (7.2 meters) away from Tague was impacted during the assassination and left behind bullet lead but no copper such as would come from a fully-jacketed, non-frangible military bullet sheath. It was not until May and June of 1964 that the growing public awareness of Tague’s wounding forced all investigating authorities to completely revise their original 3-shots theory of 3 impacts/8 wounds, to a "new" theory of 2 impacts/1 missed shot/8 wounds.
Roy Kellerman - Secret Service agent riding in the limousine front passenger seat testified that after he remembered hearing his first shot, the assassination ended in a "flurry of shells" coming into the limousine that reminded him of the rapidity of a jet aircraft's sonic-boom. Kellerman, who was the nearest Secret Service agent to the president during the attack, testified to the Warren Commissioners, "I am going to say that I have, from the firecracker report and the two other shots that I know, those were three shots. But, Mr. Specter, if President Kennedy had from all reports four wounds, Governor Connally three, there have got to be more than three shots, gentlemen." Kellerman further testified that he remembered hearing two shots after he turned around to look into the back of the limousine. Kellerman is clearly documented in the Zapruder film starting his only head turn rearward beginning at frame Z-254.
Lee Bowers - Railroad yard switching supervisor watching in a 14 feet (4.3 meters) elevated tower overlooking the parking area behind the grassy knoll who testified that he saw two men lingering near the picket fence east corner, and two other men at the far west end of the picket fence line just before the president arrived. Bowers also observed three civilian cars drive through and depart from the depository parking lot in the minutes leading up to the assassination. One car driver seemed to have a microphone or radio held up to his mouth. In 1966 Bowers stated that he was attracted by a flash of light, or smoke, or something, to look specifically towards the grassy knoll picket fence east corner area at the instant of the assassination when he remembered hearing 3 shots. Bowers, like the majority of the witnesses, said the last 2 shots he remembered hearing were bunched noticeably closer together than the first 2 shots he remembered hearing.
Forest Sorrels - Secret Service Dallas Office Special Agent In Charge riding in the lead car, was located even with (and below) the picket fence east corner at the assassination start (approximately 140 feet (43 meters) in front of President Kennedy) documented in his report dated November 28, (and is also detailed in Warren Commission Volume 21, page 548) "I looked towards the top of the terrace to my right as the sound of the shots seemed to come from that direction."
Charles Brehm - World War II, D-DayUnited StatesArmyRanger veteran who was newspaper quoted just minutes after the assassination (still standing within Dealey Plaza) that "the shots seemed to come from in front of, or, beside the President." Brehm also later stated that he watched something fly left and behind the President and land at the curb close to Brehm when the President's head exploded. Brehm’s 11-22-63 written Dallas police affidavit has disappeared from the evidence. Just like several other witnesses who saw the President, Brehm heard another separate shot distinctly after the President's head had already exploded.
Robert W. Hargis - Dallas Policeman presidential limousine motorcycle escort riding slightly in back of the President and to the president’s left (14 linear feet (4.3 meters) away) at the instant the President’s head first exploded was quoted 11-22-63 in the 11-23-63 “New York Daily News“ newspaper, page 1, column 4, "...then, I saw the president's head explode. Then, I felt something hit me, which could have been concrete. I thought at first I might have been hit." The right side of Hargis‘s safety helmet, the exposed portion of his face, and his uniform was covered with blood and pieces of the President‘s head.
Rosemary Willis - Clearly seen in the Zapruder film, at the start of the assassination she was running with and facing the limousine on her right, then circa Zapruder film frame 190 (hereafter "Z-190"), she starts to stop running and turns her head slightly to face the southwest corner of the depository. After the sitting upright president is hidden by the "Stemmons Freeway" traffic sign in the Zapruder film, she suddenly, very rapidly, beginning at Z-214 snaps her head 90 degrees westward within only 0.16 second to face Abraham Zapruder and the grassy knoll. Precisely 0.55 second after her extremely quick headsnap towards Zapruder and the grassy knoll, President Kennedy emerges back into view --still sitting upright-- with his face and arms already reacting to his being shot. She also told the HSCA committee that while she was still facing the grassy knoll picket fence she was attracted to view the rapid movements of a person quickly drop down out of sight behind a wall.
Arnold Rowland, standing with his future wife, testified to the Warren Commission that at 12:15 and 12:16 PM he observed an unarmed man in the far eastern window of the depository sixth-floor and he observed a second assassin, this one rifle-armed, standing in view near the depository sixth-floor second-most far west open window (six windows of the sixth-floor were open during the attack).
Carolyn Arnold - A pregnant depository employee stated she observed Oswald sitting by himself in the depository second-floor lunchroom at 12:15 to 12:20 PM eating some food.
Howard Brennan - sitting some 100 feet (30 meters) directly south of the depository, Brennan saw a man in the depository sixth-floor easternmost window with a rifle at 12:15 PM just before Brennan observed a man nearby on Houston Street displaying an epileptic seizure. During the assassination he saw a man in the same east window aiming a rifle westward and downward towards the limousine, but he did not actually see that rifle emit fire or smoke concurrently with when Brennan heard the second and last shot Brennan remembered hearing. Brennan testified he saw that assassin's upper body half, yet, on the evening of November 22, 1963 (and despite already seeing Oswald's face on television several times), he refused to positively identify that assassin as Oswald. (There is no documentation of Brennan ever attending any Dallas police line-up on the day of the assassination.) After Oswald was murdered, and after meeting several times with government investigators, Brennan changed his claim then later testified that the assassin he saw in the far east window was Oswald. "I could never forget the face I had seen in the window," he said. Brennan's description of the shooter (albeit much heavier than Oswald) may have been the basis for the 12:45 general description broadcast to Dallas police. Brennan also stated he saw the president’s head explode, even though from his location a tall cement monument near Brennan completely blocked President Kennedy from his view.
Hugh Betzner Jr. - Captured a photo at Z-186, and then he quickly started to advance the film, when he heard the first audible blast that he remembered hearing. Importantly, relative to the Betzner and Willis photos timings, a large live-oak tree foliage and branches hid President Kennedy from clear view of any, supposed, assassin shooting from the Warren Commission sixth-floor far eastern window sniper’s lair from Z-162 until Z-208.
Phillip Willis - A U.S. Air Force Lt. Colonel veteran testified that he was prepared to capture a photo then he was suddenly startled by the first audible gun shot he remembered hearing. His short-timed startle reaction caused him to inadvertently capture a photo. His photo timing corresponds to Z-202, when President Kennedy, still sitting upright, begins to be hidden from view by the "Stemmons Freeway" traffic sign in the Zapruder film, and, while President Kennedy was still hidden from view by anyone, supposedly, shooting from the depository sixth-floor far eastern window. In the background of that Z-202 photo is seen what the HSCA determined was a Caucasian person standing or crouched near a wall.
James M. Chaney - A Dallas police motorcycle presidential escort riding only 13’ to the right and just behind President Kennedy was documented during an 11-22-63 ABC TV interview as witnessing the second of three shots he remembered hearing as striking the president in the head.
William Sr., Gayle, William Jr., and James Newman - Family standing on the Elm Street sidewalk only 20 feet (6 meters) to President Kennedy's right when the right side of his head exploded. To this day, Bill and Gayle maintain that they each heard at least one audible shot that originated from behind them. (Behind the Newman's facing direction during the shots were Mr. Zapruder and the picket fence and triple overpass areas of the grassy knoll).
Jean Hill - "The lady in red" who was standing across from the grassy knoll and stated she remembered hearing 4 to 6 shots. In her testimony she also stated that she was told by an "agent" that another "agent" watching from nearby had seen a bullet hit near her feet and kick-up debris.
Sam Holland - Railroad supervisor who was on the triple overpass in front of the limousine, standing with several other witnesses who also stated they remembered hearing at least one shot that came from the grassy knoll picket fence and saw gun smoke lingering there. This gun smoke is possibly seen in a movie film captured by reporter Dave Wiegman Jr. The first place that Holland and several of his co-witnesses ran to after the shots was the east corner of the grassy knoll picket fence, where the HSCA scientifically determined a shot was fired from.
Mary Moorman - Only 21 feet (6.4 meters) from the President at Z-313 when the president‘s head first exploded, stated she heard another shot or two after taking her famous polaroid picture at Z-316 (that photo was captured only 0.16 second after the President's head first exploded at Z-313)
James Foster - a Dallas policeman stationed on the railroad bridge overpass, testified he saw something strike the cement apron of a sewer 105 feet (32 meters) in front of the limousine. Within 9 minutes, Foster was ordered to guard that sewer area.
James Worrell - saw weapon in sixth floor east window fire, but he also testified that assassin was a dark-skinned, balding man, and the witness remembered hearing 4 separate shots. Worrell also testified that he watched a dark-coated man run out the backdoor of the depository within 2 minutes of the last audible shot.
David Harkness - a Dallas policeman who within minutes of the shots encountered four men in business suits at the rear of the depository who were armed. Harkness has stated that before he even had a chance to ask these four men who they were, one of the armed men quickly identified themselves as "agents."
Joe Smith - Another Dallas policeman, testified he heard shots coming from west of the depository and he ran completely past the book depository where he heard a woman screaming “They‘re shooting the president from the bushes!” Smith then encountered a man who flashed an “agent“ identification. (no "agent" was stationed on the plaza grounds) Smith testified he smelled gunpowder behind the grassy knoll picket fence.
Bill Greer - the Secret Service limousine driver during the assassination. Greer testified that he felt the concussion tingle of a bullet on his face while he was looking into the limo backseat. Greer’s head was approximately 9 feet (2.7 meters) from the president’s head during the last 3 seconds of the assassination.
Jacqueline Kennedy - testified she saw a piece of the President's skull be detached, yet, as documented in the Zapruder film, her head was not in a position to allow her eyes to see the president’s head top until almost one second after the President's head first exploded. Within seconds she then climbed onto the left-center rear of the limousine trunk and quickly scooped-up a piece of her husband's head, which she soon gave to a Parkland Hospital doctor.
Governor John Connally - testified he remembered hearing an audible muzzle blast -knew immediately it was a rifle shot- turned his head to try and see the president, could not see him, then he started to turn back to his left, then Connally was hit while facing nearly limo-forward (but did not hear that shot), then he screamed, “No, no, no! They are going to kill us all!,” then he remembered hearing another audible shot.
Nellie Connally - testified she remembered hearing an audible muzzle blast, then she turned toward President Kennedy and then saw him with his hands already upwards towards his throat, then she remembered hearing a second shot that hit John Connally to which John Connally immediately screamed, “No, no, no! They are going to kill us all!,” then Nellie remembered hearing another shot and the limousine rear interior (and front hood, rear trunk lid, and surrounding persons and area as far away as 117 feet (36 meters) distant, not including Tague) was immediately covered with the President's head matter and/or blood. In their HSCA testimony both Connally’s testified that there was an additional shot after the headshot.
William Harper - A medical student who discovered a large piece of President Kennedy's skull bone (known as the "Harper fragment") in the grass south of Elm Street. Where Harper diagramed he found the skull piece was 117 feet (36 meters) forward of the President's Z-313 headshot location, to the left side of the limousine but to the right side of President Kennedy's facing direction. A theorized straight-line flight path of the "Harper fragment" back through the President at Z-313, continues straight back in a theorized bullet trajectory that intersects the west side sixth-floor depository windows --not the Warren Commission eastern-most sniper’s lair, exactly where Arnold Rowland testified to the Warren Commission that at 12:16 PM (when Carolyn Arnold observed Oswald eating in the second-floor lunchroom) Rowland testified that he observed a second assassin, rifle-armed, in a far west sixth-floor open window.
Rufus Youngblood - Secret Service agent riding with Vice-President Johnson who stated he remembered hearing 3 shots (and like a large majority of witnesses said the last 2 shots were bunched noticeably closer in time than the first 2 shots). Stated that after the first shot he remembered hearing, he quickly turned and pushed LBJ down and climbed over front seat into back on top of LBJ before the second shot he remembered hearing, yet in the famous Ike Altgens photo taken at Z-255 --only 3.4 seconds before the President's head first exploded-- Youngblood and LBJ are still sitting upright, and Youngblood is still in the front seat
Malcolm Kilduff - White House Assistant Press Secretary and motorcade witness stated he saw Secret Service agent Clint Hill running towards the presidential limousine, then, Kilduff remembered hearing 2 audible muzzle blasts (Clint Hill did not first jump from the Secret Service follow-up car until Z-308)
James Eugene Braden (a.k.a. "Eugene Hale Brading" and "Edgar Eugene Bradley") mafia-connected, multiply-convicted felon from California who had written letters containing threats against JFK back in 1962 on parole who was soon arrested by the Dallas Police after being reported acting suspiciously while inside the Dal-Tex building, which was right next-to and across the street from the depository sixth-floor, supposed, sniper’s lair. The Dal-Tex building was also behind the president during the assassination. (In 1968 Braden/Brading was also registered at a hotel within only miles of Robert F. Kennedy on the same night when RFK was murdered. Los Angeles authorities took him in for questioning then, also)
Unknown Witnesses, Disputed Witnesses, and Possible Assassins or Accomplices
An American who arrived with two anti-Castro Cubans in late September 1963 and spoke with anti-Castrolite, Sylvia Odio. At the time of this meeting Lee Harvey Oswald was (according to the Warren Commission and witnesses) riding on a bus towards Mexico City, Mexico. One of the anti-Castro Cubans called Odio back a day or two after the initial meeting and said that the American was a bit crazy and told Odio that the American said that Kennedy should be killed because of the failed Bay of Pigs. Oswald had portrayed himself in August, 1963 in New Orleans as anti-Castro, then, days later as pro-Castro when he was arrested on August 9, 1963. On November 22, 1963 upon first seeing his face on TV, Sylvia Odio immediately recognized the American who visited her in September to be Lee Harvey Oswald, and told her priest.
Lee Harvey Oswald who depository employee and motorcade witness Carolyn Arnold told respected researcher Anthony Summers she saw Oswald sitting in the depository second-floor lunchroom at 12:15 to 12:20 PM eating his lunch. President Kennedy was scheduled to drive by the depository at 12:25 pm. Oswald had purchased a rifle in a mailorder and an Oswald palm print was later found on a rifle reported discovered within the depository.
A man photographed by the CIA leaving the Russian embassy in Mexico City who the CIA initially identified as Lee Harvey Oswald, but who, clearly, is not Oswald.
A man who resembled Lee Harvey Oswald seen before the assassination several times (once with a very large bearded man who drove) at a Dallas practice range shooting and sighting-in three rifles.
Two men who were seen with rifles near Dealey Plaza on November 20. The police were called, but when they arrived the men were gone.
A witness who stated that between 9:30 and 10:00 am on November 22 “I looked over on the railroad bridge and I saw three men, and I thought I saw two of them carrying guns, long guns. I glanced to my left to check traffic, and then looked back, because even in Texas it‘s unusual to see people carrying long guns.”
A tall, large man seen by two witnesses wearing a suit and carrying a gun case towards Dealey Plaza the morning of the assassination.
"a plainclothes detective or FBI agent, or something like that“ who a witness stated was helping some Dallas policeman dressed men guard the triple overpass at 10:30 am before the assassination. (even though no "agent(s)" were ordered to be there)
A man seen by Julia Mercer at about 10:50 am before the assassination removing what she said was a gun case from the back of a pickup truck parked up on the Elm Street north curb next to the grassy knoll. On November 23 Mercer identified the driver of that pickup truck as Jack Ruby (the day before Ruby killed Oswald)
The "epileptic man" who at 12:17-12:18 started having an epileptic fit near the southwest corner of Houston and Elm Streets. Some persons theorize this was a deliberate distraction so other assassins/accomplices could get into position, while simultaneously drawing attention away from assassins buildings locations. Other persons think this was a man named Jerry T. Belknap.
A rifle-armed assassin seen leaning out the depository sixth-floor east window with the weapon, staring south-westward towards the grassy knoll just before and after the "epileptic man" episode
A second rifle-armed assassin seen in a depository sixth-floor far west window at 12:16
A second male accomplice seen by several witnesses standing near an armed assassin in the depository sixth-floor far east window
A person filmed in the depository sixth-floor east window moving upward just as the Presidential limousine started turning from Houston Street onto Elm Street only seconds before the assassination started
The "babushka lady" - many years after the assassination Beverly Oliver claimed to be this witness standing near Brehm. Oliver claims to have made an amateur movie film of the assassination, and claims an agent confiscated her film.
The "Umbrella Man" - In 1978 Louis Witt first came forward and claimed to be this assassination witness and gave testimony at the HSCA hearings that he was there to heckle the President, but he was not involved in any conspiracy. During the assassination start he was photographed raising his umbrella and pumping it up and down several times, while a nearby dark complected man between him and the president raises his arm.
The "accomplice" a.k.a. the "dark complected man" seen standing close to the "umbrella man." One second this man, who some say looks like a Cuban, is just standing there as the President is approaching him, then, within 1.3 seconds, as the President begins to react with his hands towards his throat, this man shoots his right arm upwards like a wave, but he does not wave his hand. Some think he and the man with the umbrella were signaling at least one assassin that more shots were needed.
An armed assassin photographed in a second floor Dal-Tex window captured during the assassination
A person and/or rifle seen by several witnesses in the depository sixth-floor east window during the assassination (one witness, Brennan, said he saw the rifle being aimed once)
An assassin who Jean Hill said she caught a glimpse of firing, then saw his gun smoke, located behind the grassy knoll picket fence, about 9 feet (2.7 meters) west of the fence line corner (exactly where the HSCA recreated a shot which matched the gunshot impulse found on the dictabelt police recording, and where the Mary Moorman polaroid is thought by some to show something or someone there that is not present in photos and films captured only seconds later)
An assassin who was wearing a suit and a hat that witness Ed Hoffman claims was facing away from Hoffman, then the man quickly leaned up and over the picket fence, then a puff of smoke appeared, then the man turned around towards Hoffman with a rifle and immediately ran westward along the picket fence line (his running may be seen in a movie film), then tossed the rifle to an accomplice dressed like a railroad worker, who broke the rifle into 2 pieces, placed in a large bag or box, then walked away from the picket fence
The "railroad worker" dressed accomplice who caught the rifle from the picket fence hatted assassin, who ran behind a large utility box, broke the rifle into 2 pieces, then hid the pieces in a bag or box, then walked away from the picket fence northward.
An assassin who told a mafia Godfather he fired one shot from the Elm Street north curb sewer opening a few feet below and to the front and right of the President, and who said another assassin fired from the Dal-Tex building in a trajectory similar to the Warren Commission's "sniper’s lair"
The "badge man" - supposed photo image of a Dallas police uniformed assassin elevated behind the picket fence who a few think shot over the retaining wall corner, towards the President (claimed by some to be in enhanced versions of the Mary Moorman polaroid photo captured immediately after the President's head first exploded)
In 1978 Gordon Arnold claimed to have been asked twice by an "agent" to move away from behind the fence on the grassy knoll shortly before the assassination. Arnold claimed that during the assassination while he was operating his movie camera, a bullet fired from behind him whizzed close to his left side. Arnold also claimed that afterwards a revolver-armed Dallas police uniformed man kicked him, demanded then took his assassination movie film while a close-by, crying, "badge man" looked on while waving a rifle around. No witnesses or photographic evidence corroborate Arnold’s claims or even his presence in Dealey Plaza. He claims to have been in a spot to the right of Abraham Zapruder.
The "railroad man" - supposed image of a man in a white shirt and a construction hardhat standing near the "badge man" but looking towards the depository (claimed seen by some in enhanced versions of the Mary Moorman polaroid photo captured immediately after the President's head first exploded)
The "black dog man" - image of a person very close to or leaning on the retaining wall of the grassy knoll. The HSCA determined scientifically that he/she was a Caucasian skinned person
A black man and black woman that Marilyn Sitzman stated she saw sitting on the retaining wall bench sharing their lunch just before the assassination. Sitzman said that seconds after the President's head exploded she heard one of their soda pop bottles break and saw the black couple run away into the parking lot
The "s.o.b. man" in front of the President, holding a homemade sign that read "JFK S.O.B." Some think this man looks Cuban.
A "running man" who witness Jessie Price said he watched running north-eastward through the depository parking lot carrying something away from the grassy knoll
A man photographed looking out of a depository sixth-floor west window only seconds after the assassination
An anxious woman who was apprehended in the depository parking lot trying to drive away right afterwards. She was turned over to the Dallas Sheriff's office for questioning, yet no record exists of her arrest, her statements, or the car she had parked near the grassy knoll picket fence
A man who right after the assassination was seen running out the depository back door, then running away from Dealey Plaza
A woman who screamed to policeman Joe Smith "They're shooting the President from the bushes!"
A man with the Dealey Plaza groundskeeper, Emmett Hudson, watching from the grassy knoll steps that told the groundskeeper only seconds afterwards to "lay down because they were shooting the President from the bushes"
An "agent" who policeman Joe Smith encountered behind the grassy knoll picket fence shortly after the shots, who flashed Smith a secret service card (even though no secret service agents were stationed in the plaza) Smith also testified he smelled gunpowder behind the grassy knoll
An "agent" who stopped witness Malcolm Summers and other witnesses from entering behind the grassy knoll into the depository parking lot and told them to stop because they may get shot (Summers said he saw a weapon semi-hidden under the "agents" coat)
An "agent" who watched a bullet strike near the feet of witness Jean Hill
An "agent" who told Jean Hill that another "agent" had watched a bullet strike near the feet of witness Jean Hill
Several "agents" who Dallas policeman David Harkness testified were at the depository back door only minutes afterwards. These "agents" were dressed in suits, were armed, and, when they first saw Harkness, and without being asked, quickly identified themselves to Harkness as "agents" even though no official record places any "agents" on the Dealey Plaza grounds before or during the assassination
A man who a Dallas Sheriff's detective saw run from near the depository to a station wagon minutes after the assassination who the detective said looked like Lee Harvey Oswald
A "running man" who off-duty policeman Tom Tilson said he watched scramble down the west side of the "triple overpass" embankment, throw something into a parked car, then drive quickly away from the plaza westward
A dark suited man seen in 12:39-12:40 PM photos near the Elm Street south curb sewer bending over and seeming to scoop something into his hand, then place it in his suit coat pocket. Dallas policeman Joe Foster (who watched the assassination from the overpass) testified that he was attracted to see something skip off this sewer into the grass, and because he reported what he saw, Foster was within minutes ordered to guard that sewer/grass area.
The “three tramps” that were found in railroad car boxcar near the depository, then marched to the Dallas jail just after 2:00 PM.
Several other persons besides the "three tramps" who Dallas policeman David Harkness said were arrested in the Dealey Plaza railroad cars after the assassination
A man who was arrested at 2:45 PM after the assassination who said that he was in a jail cell near Oswald and that Oswald talked to him
External links
A portion of the known witnesses with their testimonies and statements can be found here.
One of the best scaled maps of Dealey Plaza showing witnesses locations and observations, suspected assassins’ locations, evidentiary artifacts, and other valuable information can be found here.
