The South Manchuria Railway Company (Japanese: 南満州鉄道株式会社 Minami Manshū Tetsudō Kabushiki Gaisha; abbreviated as 満鉄 Mantetsu) was a company founded by Japan in 1906, after the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), and operated in Japanese-occupied Manchuria. From 1906 or 1910 until 1925, the company also operated the Korean railway system.

The company developed soybeans and mineral resources and brought them to Japan partly by its railway. It also built hotels, schools, libraries, etc., for Japanese immigrants. It closed by order of GHQ, and was taken over by the Soviet army in 1945.

See also

• Mukden Incident (September 18, 1931)
• Twenty-One Demands
• Rail transport in mainland China