Samuel Medary (February 25, 1801–November 7, 1864) was an American politician who served as the 3rd Territorial Governor of Minnesota from April 23, 1857 to May 24, 1858 appointed by President James Buchanan. Minnesota became a state on May 11, 1858 and elected Henry Hastings Sibley.

Samuel Medary was also Governor of Kansas Territory from 1858 to 1860.

Medary was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1864 for conspiracy against the government and was arrested. He was released on bonds, but died in Columbus, Ohio before he could be tried.