The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO), a product of the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group , is an upper ontology that defines a hierarchy of a number of general classes, the SUMO classes.

SUMO concerns itself with meta-level concepts (general entities that do not belong to a specific problem domain), and thereby would lead naturally to a categorization scheme for encyclopedias.

SUMO is organized for interoperability of automated reasoning engines . To maximize compatibility, schema designers can try to assure that their naming conventions use the same meanings as SUMO for identical words, (eg: agent, process).

View the graphical representation in (PDF format) to see how these classes are connected; the relationships are described by KIF definitions for automated processing (english comments attached), each definition representing an asserted fact about the classes, below. These definitions are available for free download (GNU Public License) [1].

A

• abstract
• address
• adjective
• adverb
• advertising
• age group
• agent
• alga
• ampere
• amphibian
• amu
• anatomical structure
• angle measure
• angstrom
• angular degree
• animacy attribute
• animal language
• animal
• antisymmetric relation
• ape
• april
• aquatic mammal
• arachnid
• area measure
• art work
• arthropod
• article
• artifact
• artificial language
• asexual reproduction
• asleep
• associative function
• astronomical body
• asymmetric relation
• atom gram
• atomic nucleus
• atom
• attaching
• attribute
• august
• awake

B

• bacterium
• battle
• becquerel
• belief group
• betting
• beverage
• binary function
• binary number
• binary predicate
• binary relation
• biological attribute
• biological process
• biologically active substance
• bird
• birth
• bit
• blood
• body covering
• body junction
• body motion
• body part
• body substance
• body vessel
• boiling
• bone
• book
• borrowing
• breakability attribute
• breathing
• British thermal unit
• building
• buying
• byte

C

• calculating
• calorie
• candela
• canine
• carbohydrate
• carnivore
• case role
• cell
• Celsius degree
• centimeter
• certificate
• change of possession
• character
• chemical decomposition
• chemical process
• chemical synthesis
• city
• classifying
• class
• clothing
• cognitive agent
• cold blooded vertebrate
• collection
• color attribute
• coloring
• combining
• combustion
• committing
• communication
• commutative function
• comparing
• complex number
• compound substance
• computer language
• computer program
• condensing
• confining
• consciousness attribute
• constant quantity
• constructed language
• constructing
• content bearing object
• content development
• contest attribute
• contest
• continent
• continuous function
• cooking
• cooling
• cooperation
• corporation
• corpuscular object
• coulomb
• counting
• covering
• creation
• crustacean
• cup
• currency measure
• cutting

D

• damaging
• dancing
• day duration
• day
• death
• december
• declaring
• decoding
• decreasing
• destruction
• detaching
• developmental attribute
• device
• diagnostic process
• directed graph
• directing
• direction change
• directional attribute
• disease or syndrome
• disseminating
• drinking
• drying
• dual object process

E

• eating
• educational organization
• educational process
• electron volt
• electron
• elemental substance
• emotional state
• encoding
• engineering component
• engineering connection
• entity
• enzyme
• equivalence relation
• ethnic group
• euro cent
• euro dollar
• even integer
• expressing

F

• fabric
• fahrenheit degree
• family group
• farad
• fat tissue
• february
• feline
• fern
• field of study
• financial transaction
• finite set
• fish
• flowering plant
• food
• foot
• formula
• freezing
• fresh water area
• friday
• fruit or vegetable
• function quantity
• function
• fungus

G

• game
• geographic area
• geopolitical area
• getting
• giving
• gland
• government
• graduation
• gram
• graph arc
• graph circuit
• graph element
• graph loop
• graph node
• graph path
• graph
• gray
• group
• growth
• guiding

H

• hearing
• heating
• henry
• hertz
• hiring
• hole
• hominid
• hoofed mammal
• hormone
• hour duration
• hour
• human language
• human

I

• icon
• imaginary number
• impacting
• impelling
• inch
• increasing
• information measure
• ingesting
• inheritable relation
• injuring
• insect
• integer
• intentional process
• intentional psychological process
• intentional relation
• internal attribute
• internal change
• intransitive relation
• invertebrate
• investigating
• irrational number
• irreflexive relation
• island

J

• january
• joule
• july
• june

K

• keeping
• kelvin
• killing
• kilo byte

L

• land area
• language
• leap year
• learning
• legal action
• lending
• length measure
• linguistic expression
• list
• liter
• logical operator
• lumen
• lux

M

• machine
• maintaining
• making
• mammal
• managing
• maneuver
• manufacture
• march
• marsupial
• mass measure
• matriculation
• may
• measuring
• meat
• meeting
• mega byte
• melting
• metal
• meter
• microorganism
• mile
• military process
• mineral
• minute duration
• minute
• mixture
• molecule
• mole
• mollusk
• monday
• monkey
• month
• morpheme
• moss
• motion picture
• motion
• multi graph
• muscle
• musical instrument
• music
• mutually disjoint class
• myriapod

N

• nation
• natural language
• integer
• negative real number
• neutron
• newton
• non flowering plant
• nonnegative integer
• nonnegative real number
• normative attribute
• noun phrase
• noun
• november
• number
• nutrient

O

• object (philosophy)
• object attitude
• obligation
• occupational role
• october
• odd integer
• ohm
• olfactory attribute
• one to one function
• ordering
• organ
• organ or tissue process
• organic object
• organism process
• organism
• organization unit
• organizational process
• organization
• ounce

P

• pairwise disjoint class
• partial ordering relation
• partial valued relation
• particle
• pascal
• patent
• pathologic process
• perception
• perceptual attribute
• periodical
• phrase
• physical quantity
• physical state
• physical
• physiologic process
• pint
• plane angle measure
• planning
• plant
• plan
• poisoning
• poking
• political organization
• political process
• positional attribute
• position
• positive integer
• positive real number
• pound force
• pound mass
• predicate
• predicting
• prepositional phrase
• pretending
• primary color
• primate
• prime number
• probability relation
• procedure
• process
• product
• propositional attitude
• proposition
• protein
• proton
• pseudo graph
• psychological attribute
• psychological dysfunction
• psychological process
• publication
• pure substance
• pursuing
• putting

Q

• quantity change
• quantity
• quart
• quaternary function
• quaternary predicate
• quaternary relation
• questioning
• quintary predicate
• quintary relation

R

• radian
• radiating light
• radiating sound
• radiating
• rankine degree
• rational number
• reading
• real number
• reasoning
• recreation or exercise
• reflexive relation
• region
• regulatory process
• relation extended to quantities
• relational attribute
• relation
• religious organization
• religious process
• remembering
• removing
• repairing
• replication
• reproductive body
• reptile
• requesting
• rodent
• room

S

• salt water area
• saturation attribute
• saturday
• searching
• second
• second duration
• seeing
• selecting
• self connected object
• selling
• sentence
• sentient agent
• separating
• september
• sequence function
• series
• set or class
• set
• sex attribute
• sexual reproduction
• shape attribute
• shape change
• shape property
• shooting
• siemens
• sievert
• single valued relation
• slug
• smelling
• social interaction
• social role
• solid angle measure
• solution
• sound attribute
• spatial relation
• sport
• state change
• state of mind
• state or province
• static water area
• stating
• stationary artifact
• steering
• steradian
• stream water area
• subatomic particle
• subjective assessment attribute
• substance
• substituting
• summary
• sunday
• surface change
• surgery
• swimming
• symbolic string
• symmetric relation
• systeme international unit

T

• tactile perception
• taste attribute
• tasting
• temperature measure
• temporal relation
• terminating employment
• ternary function
• ternary predicate
• ternary relation
• tesla
• texture attribute
• text
• therapeutic process
• thursday
• time dependent quantity
• time duration
• time interval
• time measure
• time point
• time position
• time zone
• tissue
• total ordering relation
• total valued relation
• touching
• toxic organism
• trait attribute
• transaction
• transfer
• transitive relation
• transportation device
• transport
• tree
• trichotomizing relation
• truth value
• tuesday

U

• unary constant function quantity
• unary function
• unconscious
• uncovering
• unilateral getting
• unilateral giving
• unique list
• unit of measure
• united kingdom gallon
• united states cent
• united states dollar
• united states gallon

V

• variable arity relation
• verb phrase
• verb
• vertebrate
• violent contest
• virus
• visual attribute
• vitamin
• volt
• volume measure

W

• walking
• warm blooded vertebrate
• war
• water area
• water
• watt
• weapon
• weber
• wednesday
• week duration
• week
• wetting
• word
• worm
• writing

Y

• year
• year duration

External links

• SUMO a product of the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group.
• Graphical representation of the hierarchy of SUMO classes