Roger B. Wilson (born October 10, 1948) is an American politician who was briefly Governor of Missouri from October 17, 2000 to January 8, 2001. He is a Democrat. In August, 2004, he became Chairman of the Missouri Democratic Party.

Wilson was born in Boone County, Missouri. He was a school teacher and an elementary school principal in Columbia, Missouri. He was elected to the Missouri state senate and served there for more than 20 years. He served as the lieutenant governor from 1993 to 2000.

In October 2000, Governor Mel Carnahan died in an airplane crash, and Wilson served as governor until the end of the term in 2001. Following Governor Carnahan's posthumous election to the U.S. Senate, Wilson appointed his widow, Jean Carnahan, to serve in his place.