There have been several well-known people named Robert Anderson, including:

• Robert Anderson (actor) (1890-1963)
• Robert Anderson (author)
• Robert Anderson (guitarist) (born 1957)
• Robert Anderson (screenwriter) (born 1917)
• Robert Anderson (soldier) , namesake of Anderson County, South Carolina.
• Robert Anderson (New Zealand), a former New Zealand politician
• Major Robert Anderson (1805-1871)
• Sir Robert Anderson (theologian) (1841-1918), a lawyer, British intelligence officer and London CID chief, knighted in 1901.
• Robert Bernard Anderson (1910 - 1989), a businessman and politician.
• Robert G. Anderson (20th century, possibly 21st) economist