Publius Petronius Turpilianus was a Roman politician and general.

He was consul in AD 61 but gave it up to become governor of Roman Britain until AD 63. He worked to rebuild relations with the natives following Gaius Suetonius Paulinus' crushing of the revolt of Boudicca. He was replaced by Marcus Trebellinus Maximus

Following the death of Nero in 68, Servius Sulpicius Galba, governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, was named Emperor by the Senate. During his march from Spain to Rome, Galba had Petronius summarily executed as a commander appointed by Nero.