Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the capital of the province of South Sumatra.

The city was once the capital of the ancient, partly Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya. Following a 1025 raid by pirates from the Chola region of southern India it began to gradually decline in importance. Srivajaya's capital eventually moved northward to Jambi.

The architectural legacy of Dutch colonization is still visible in the city.