Oskar Dirlewanger (September 26, 1895-June 7, 1945) was a World War I officer with the Schutzstaffel. He commanded an Einsatzkommando unit. Dirlewanger was sentenced for war crimes and was beaten to death by internees at Altshausen, a French prison camp.

Dr. Oskar Dirlewanger was an infantry soldier in World War I and won both the Iron Cross 2nd Class and the Iron Cross 1st Class. He was a member of several Freikorps after the war. He attempted to join the Schutzstaffel three times, finally becoming a full-fledged member of the NSDAP in 1932.