A large number of sports have been conducted at the Olympic Games.

Summer Olympics

The following sports are currently on the program of the Games of the Olympiad.

• Archery (1900–1908, 1920, 1972–2004)
• Athletics (track and field) (1896–2004)
• Badminton (1992–2004, demonstrated in 1972)
• Baseball (1992–2004, demonstrated in 1912, 1936, 1956, 1964, 1984 and 1988)
• Basketball (1936–2004)
• Beach volleyball (1996–2004)
• Boxing (1904–1908, 1920–2004)
• Canoeing (1936–2004, demonstrated in 1924)
• Cycling (1896–2004)
• Diving (1904–2004)
• Equestrianism (1900, 1912–2004)
• Fencing (1896–2004)
• Football (1900–1928, 1936–2004)
• Gymnastics (1896–2004)
• Handball (1936, 1972–2004)
• Hockey (1908, 1920–2004)
• Judo (1964, 1972–2004)
• Modern pentathlon (1912–2004)
• Rhythmic gymnastics (1984–2004)
• Rowing (1900–2004)
• Sailing (1900, 1908–2004)
• Shooting (1896–1924, 1932–2004)
• Softball (1996–2004)
• Swimming (1896–2004)
• Synchronized diving (2004)
• Synchronized swimming (1984–2004)
• Table tennis (1988–2004)
• Taekwondo (2000–2004, demonstrated in 1988 and 1992)
• Tennis (1896–1924, 1988–2004, demonstrated in 1968 and 1984)
• Trampolining (2000–2004)
• Triathlon (2000–2004)
• Volleyball (1964–2004)
• Water polo (1900–1904, 1908–2004)
• Weightlifting (1896, 1904–1906, 1920–2004)
• Wrestling (1896, 1904–2004)

The following sports have been on the program, but are no longer held:

• Cricket (1900)
• Croquet (1900)
• Golf (1900–1904)
• Jeu de Paume (1908)
• Lacrosse (1904–1908, demonstrated in 1928, 1932 and 1948)
• Motorboating (1908)
• Pelota (1900, demonstrated in 1924, 1968 and 1992)
• Polo (1900, 1908, 1920–1924, 1936)
• Racquets (1908)
• Rugby (1900, 1908, 1920–1924)
• Tug of war (1900–1920)

Sports held as a demonstration, or of which the Olympic status is disputable (d):

• American football (1904d and 1932)
• Australian rules football (1956)
• Ballooning (1900d)
• Baseball (1904, 1988)
• Basketball (1904d)
• Basque Pelota (1968, 1992)
• Bowls (1900d)
• Budo (1964)
• Chess (2000d)
• Gliding (1936)
• Korfball (1928)
• Lifesaving (1900d)
• Longue-Paume (1900d)
• Motorboating (1900d)
• Motorsport (1900d)
• Roller hockey (1992)
• Roque (1904d)
• Water skiing (1972)

Winter Olympics

The following sports are on the program of the Winter Olympic Games:

• Alpine skiing (1936–2002)
• Biathlon (1960–2002)
• Bobsleigh (1924–1956, 1964–2002)
• Cross country skiing (1924–2002)
• Curling (1998–2002, demonstrated in 1924, 1932, 1988 and 1992)
• Figure skating (1924–2002, also held at the 1908 and 1920 Games of the Olympiad)
• Freestyle skiing (1992–2002, demonstrated in 1988)
• Ice hockey (1924–2002, also held at the 1920 Games of the Olympiad)
• Luge (1964–2002)
• Nordic combined (1924–2002)
• Short-track speed skating (1992–2002, demonstrated in 1988)
• Skeleton (1928, 1948, 2002)
• Ski jumping (1924–2002)
• Snowboarding (1998–2002)
• Speed skating (1924–2002)

The following sports have been held as a demonstration, but have never made it as an Olympic winter sport:

• Bandy (1952)
• Eisstockschießen (1936, 1964)
• Military patrol (1924, 1928, 1936, 1948)
• Skijöring (1928)
• Sled-dog racing (1932)
• Speed skiing (1992)