The Oglala National Grassland is located in Sioux County, Nebraska, near the border of South Dakota. It is 94,400 acres (382 km²) in size and is one of the small handful of National Grasslands administered by the US Department of Agriculture's Forest Service.

Oglala National Grassland is also home to some of the most striking badlands formations in Toadstool Geologic Park (near Crawford, Nebraska and Whitney, Nebraska). Additionally, the Hudson-Meng Bison Bonebed , also located on the grassland, is an archaelogical excavation in progress. The grassland also contains the Agate, Bordgate, and Rock Bass reservoirs.