New Castile (Spanish: Castilla la Nueva) was the southern part of the Kingdom of Castile in central Spain, taken during the reconquista of the peninsula by Christian kings from Muslim rulers. The notable battles were the capture of Toledo in 1085 and the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.

New Castile is separated from Old Castile to the north by the Carpetan range of mountains, and comprised the provinces of Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Madrid and Toledo. In more modern administration, it covers the autonomous communities of Madrid and Castile-La Mancha (which also includes Albacete).