The Middle Peninsula is, as its name implies, the middle of three peninsulas on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. This peninsula is bounded by the Rappahannock River on the north and the York River on the south. It encompasses six Virginia counties: Essex, Gloucester, King and Queen, King William, Mathews, and Middlesex.

The two southernmost counties, Gloucester and Mathews, are now part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. Gloucester County is connected to the Virginia Peninsula by the George P. Coleman Memorial Bridge over the York River.