Matsubayashi-ryu, also known as "Matsubayashi Shorin-ryu", is a school of Okinawan Shorin-ryu karate founded by Shoshin Nagamine (1907-1997) in 1947. Its curriculum includes 18 kata, 7 yakusoku kumite routines, and kobudo (weapons) practice.

Nagamine named his school in honor of masters who he viewed as two of the most important forebears of Shorin-ryu, Sokon Matsumura and Kosaku Matsumora . He chose to name the school using kanji characters that can be prounounced in Japanese either as "Matsubayashi" or as "Shorin". Therefore, it is correct to refer to the school as "Matsubayashi-ryu", "Shorin-ryu", or "Matsubayashi Shorin-ryu". Most people today choose one of the "Matsubayashi" variants in order to avoid confusion with the other many schools of Shorin-ryu. Nagamine Shoshin also credited Motobu Choki as the teacher who inspired his seven Yakusoku kumite forms.

Today, the official Matsubayashi-ryu organization is run by Shoshin Nagamine's son Takayoshi Nagamine , though there are many schools teaching the style that are not officially affliated with the Nagamine dojo.

Matsubayashi-ryu is one of the better-documented traditional karate styles, owing to Nagamine's well-regarded book, The Essence of Okinawan Karate-Do.