Madison Township is one of thirteen in Butler County. Located in northeastern Butler County just west of Middletown, it had a population of 8,611 people in 2000, up from 8,547 in 1990. While it surrounds the city of Trenton, the city is no longer part of the township. It is named for James Madison, President of the United States at the time of its creation in 1810.

The township, the ninth in order of creation, was erected from Lemon Township by the Butler County Commissioners on May 7, 1810, following a petition by residents of the district. Its boundaries were:

Beginning on the west bank of the Miami at the southwest corner of township No. 1 of the fourth range ; thence north with the western boundary line of the said fourth range to the boundary line of the said county of Butler; thence east with the said northern boundary line to the Miami; thence south and southwardly with the meanders of the Miami to the place of the meanders of the Miami to the place of beginning.

As originally created it was bounded on the east by the Great Miami River. The townships that bordered it are Liberty on the south, St. Clair and Wayne on the west, Gratis in Preble County, and German in Montgomery County on the north, and Lemon on the east. The first election for township officers was on May 19, 1810.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township clerk, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the clerkship or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

It is in what is commonly known as the Congress Lands , that part of Ohio surveyed under the regular U.S. government survey. It originally consisted of thirty-two whole and nineteen fractional sections.

The major roads are State Routes 4 (a main road from Cincinnati to Dayton via Middletown, 122 (which links Lebanon to Middletown, and 744. The Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad passed through the township.

The township is in the Madison Local School District and the Edgewood Local School District.

Historic population figures

• 1900--2,166
• 1910--2,395
• 1920--2,502
• 1930--2,836
• 1940--3,697
• 1950--3,511
• 1960--6,222
• 1970--7,834
• 1980--8,588
• 1990--8,547

References

• Bert S. Barlow, W.H. Todhunter, Stephen D. Cone, Joseph J. Pater, and Frederick Schneider, eds. Centennial History of Butler County, Ohio. Hamilton, Ohio: B.F. Bowen, 1905.
• Jim Blount. The 1900's: 100 Years In the History of Butler County, Ohio. Hamilton, Ohio: Past Present Press, 2000.
• Butler County Engineer's Office. Butler County Official Transportation Map, 2003. Fairfield Township, Butler County, Ohio: The Office, 2003.
• A History and Biographical Cyclopaedia of Butler County, Ohio with Illustrations and Sketches of Its Representative Men and Pioneers. Cincinnati, Ohio: Western Biographical Publishing Company, 1882. [1]
• Ohio. Secretary of State. The Ohio municipal and township roster, 2002-2003. Columbus, Ohio: The Secretary, 2003.