The Ultimate List of state leaders in 1988 - American History Information Guide and Reference

Contents

1 Africa

2 Asia

3 Australia and Oceania

4 Europe

5 Middle East

6 North America and the Caribbean

7 South America

Africa

Algeria -
- President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Abdelhamid Brahimi , Prime Minister of Algeria (1984-1988)
  2. Kasdi Merbah, Prime Minister of Algeria (1988-1989)
Angola - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972-1991) and Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin (1979-1990)
Botswana - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
Burkina Faso - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
Burundi -
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987-1993)
- Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana , Prime Minister of Burundi (19 October 1988 - 1993)
Cameroon - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
Cape Verde -
- President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
- Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
Central African Republic - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1986-1993, Head of State 1981-1986)
Chad - Hissène Habré, President of Chad (1982-1990)
Comoros - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978-1989)
Congo -
- Chairman of the Communist Party - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labour Party (1979-1991)
- President - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President of Congo (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister - Ange-Édouard Poungui , Prime Minister of Congo (1984-1989)
Côte d'Ivoire - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)
Djibouti -
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
Equatorial Guinea -
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
- Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko , Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982-1992)
Ethiopia -
- President - Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia (1987-1991, Head of State 1977-1987)
- Prime Minister - Fikre-Selassie Wogderess , Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1987-1989)
Gabon -
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
- Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame , Prime Minister of Gabon (1975-1994)
The Gambia - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of the Gambia (1970-1994)
Ghana - Jerry John Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981-2001)
Guinea - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-present)
Guinea-Bissau - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State (1984-1994, President 1994-1999)
Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
Lesotho -
- Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970-1990)
- Head of Government - Justin Metsing Lekhanya , Chairman of the Military Council (1986-1991)
Liberia - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (1984-1990, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council 1980-1984)
Libya -
- De Facto Head of State - Muammar al-Qaddafi, Guide of the Revolution (1969-present)
- De Jure Head of State - Mifta al-Usta Umar , General Secretary of the General People's Congress (1984-1990)
- Head of Government - Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir, General Secretary of the General People's Committee (1987-1990)
Madagascar -
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975-1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Désiré Rakotoarijaona , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977-1988)
  2. Victor Ramahatra , Prime Minister of Madagascar (1988-1991)
Malawi - Hastings Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (1966-1994)
Mali -
- President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1979-1991, Head of State 1968-1979)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mamadou Dembelé , Prime Minister of Mali (1986-1988)
  2. None (1988-1991)
Mauritania -
- Head of State - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Head of State (1984-1992, President 1992-present)
- Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984-1992)
Mauritius -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1986-1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986-1992, President 1992)
- Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)
Morocco -
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961-1999)
- Prime Minister - Azzedine Laraki , Prime Minister of Morocco (1986-1992)
Mozambique -
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo , Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986-1994)
Niger -
- Head of State - Ali Saibou, President of the Supreme Military Council (1987-1989, President 1989-1993)
Nigeria - Ibrahim Babangida, President and Chairman of the Armed Forces Ruling Council (1985-1993)
Rwanda - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
São Tomé and Príncipe -
- President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975-1991)
- Prime Minister -
  1. none (1979-1988)
  2. Celestino Rocha da Costa , Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1988-1991)
Senegal - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
Sierra Leone - Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985-1992)
Somalia -
- President - Muhammad Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1976-1991, Head of State 1969-1976)
- Prime Minister - Muhammad Ali Samatar , Prime Minister of Somalia (1987-1990)
South Africa - Pieter Willem Botha, State President of South Africa (1984-1989)
The Sudan -
- Head of State - Ahmad al-Mirghani , Chairman of the Supreme Council (1986-1989)
- Prime Minister - Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1986-1989)
Swaziland -
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - Sotsha Dlamini , Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986-1989)
Tanzania -
- President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985-1995)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Warioba , Prime Minister of Tanzania (1985-1990)
Togo - Gnassingbe Eyadema, President of Togo (1967-present)
Tunisia -
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987-present)
- Prime Minister - Hédi Baccouche , Prime Minister of Tunisia (1987-1989)
Uganda -
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-present)
- Prime Minister - Samson Kisekka , Prime Minister of Uganda (1986-1991)
Western Sahara (disputed with Morocco) -
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1982-present, Head of State 1976-1982)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed , Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1985-1988)
  2. Mahfoud Ali Beiba , Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1988-1993)
Zaire -
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965-1997)
- Head of Government -
  1. Mabi Mulumba , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1987-1988)
  2. Sambwa Pida Nbagui , First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988)
  3. Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988-1990)
Zambia -
- President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964-1991)
- Prime Minister - Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985-1989)
Zimbabwe - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987-present)

Asia

Afghanistan -
- General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party - Mohammad Najibullah, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1986-1992)
- President - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (1987-1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981-1988)
  2. Mohammad Hassan Sharq , Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1988-1989)
Bangladesh -
- President - Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983-1990)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury , Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1986-1988)
  2. Moudud Ahmed , Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1988-1989)
Bhutan - Jigme Singye Wangchuk, King of Bhutan (1972-present)
Brunei -
- Monarch - Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Sultan (1967-present)
- Prime Minister - Muda Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984-present)
Burma -
- Head of State -
  1. San Yu , President of Burma (1981-1988)
  2. Sein Lwin , President of Burma (1988)
  3. Aye Ko , Acting President of Burma (1988)
  4. Maung Maung , President of Burma (1988)
  5. Saw Maung, Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Burma (1988-1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Maung Maung Kha , Prime Minister of Burma (1977-1988)
  2. Tun Tin , Prime Minister of Burma (1988)
  3. Saw Maung, Prime Minister of Burma (1988-1992)
People's Republic of China -
- de facto leader - Deng Xiaoping (late 1970s-early 1990s)
- Communist Party Leader - Zhao Ziyang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1987-1989)
- President -
  1. Li Xiannian, President of the People's Republic of China (1983-1988)
  2. Yang Shangkun, President of the People's Republic of China (1988-1993)
- Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1987-1998)
India -
- President - Ramaswamy Venkataraman, President of India (1987-1992)
- Prime Minister - Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984-1989)
Indonesia - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967-1998)
Iran
- Supreme Leader - Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
- President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
- Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)
Japan -
- Monarch - Showa Emperor, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)
- Prime Minister - Noboru Takeshita, Prime Minister of Japan (1987-1989)
Kampuchea -
- Secretary General of the Communist Party - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea (1981-1991)
- Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1981-1992)
- Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Kampuchea (1985-1993)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea -
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il Sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1948-1994)
- President - Kim Il Sung, President of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1972-1994)
- Head of Government - Yon Hyong Muk , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1992)
Republic of Korea -
- President -
  1. Chun Doo-hwan, President of the Republic of Korea (1980-1988)
  2. Roh Tae-woo, President of the Republic of Korea (1988-1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kim Chung-yul , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1987-1988)
  2. Lee Hyun-jae , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988)
  3. Kang Young-hoon , Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1988-1990)
Laos
- General Secretary of the Communist Party - Kaysone Phomvihan, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1955-1991, leading role in the state from 1975)
- President - Souphanouvong (1975-1991), President of Laos (1975-1991)
- Acting President - Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President of Laos (1986-1991)
- Head of Government - Kaysone Phomvihan, Chairman of the Counil of Ministers (1975-1991)
Malaysia -
- Monarch - Tuanku Mahmud Iskandar ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail , Paramount Ruler of Malaysia (1984-1989)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
Maldives - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978-present)
Mongolia -
- Communist Party Leader - Jambn Batmönh , General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1984-1990)
- Head of State - Jambyn Batmönh, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural (1984-1990)
- Head of Government - Dumaagiyn Sodnom , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1984-1990)
Nepal -
- Monarch - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (1972-2001)
- Prime Minister - Marich Man Singh Shrestha , Prime Minister of Nepal (1986-1990)
Pakistan -
- President -
  1. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978-1988)
  2. Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (1988-1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mohammad Khan Junejo , Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985-1988)
  2. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988)
  3. none (1988)
  4. Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988-1990)
Philippines - Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986-1992)
Singapore -
- President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985-1993)
- Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)
Sri Lanka -
- President - Junius Richard Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)
- Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)
Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- President -
  1. Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (1978-1988)
  2. Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988-2000)
- Premier - Yü Kuo-hwa , President of the Executive Yuan (1984-1989)
Thailand -
- King - Rama IX, King of Thailand (1946-present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Prem Tinsulanond, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980-1988)
  2. Chatichai Choonhavan , Prime Minister of Thailand (1988-1991)
Vietnam -
- Communist Party Leader - Nguyen Van Linh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1986-1991)
- Head of State - Vo Chi Cong, Chairman of the State Council (1987-1992)
- Head of Government -
  1. Pham Hung , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1987-1988)
  2. Vo Van Kiet, Acting Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988)
  3. Do Muoi , Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1991)

Australia and Oceania

Australia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982-1989)
- Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983-1991)

Fiji -
- President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (5 December, 1987-16 December, 1993)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (5 December, 1987-2 June, 1992)

Kiribati - Ieremia Tienang Tabwai , President of Kiribati (1983-1991)
Nauru - Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1986-1989)
New Zealand -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Reeves, Governor-General of New Zealand (1985-1990)
- Prime Minister - David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984-1989)
Papua New Guinea -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Kingsford Dibela , Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1983-1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Paias Wingti, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1985-1988)
  2. Rabbie Namaliu, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1988-1992)
Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978-present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Baddeley Devesi , Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978-1988)
  2. Sir George Lepping , Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988-1994)
- Prime Minister - Ezekiel Alebua , Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1986-1989)
Tonga -
- Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965-present)
- Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake , Prime Minister of Tonga (1965-1991)
Tuvalu
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Tupua Leupena , Governor-General of Tuvalu (1986-1990)
- Prime Minister - Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981-1989)
Vanuatu -
- President - Ati George Sokomanu , President of Vanuatu (1984-1989)
- Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1980-1991)
Western Samoa -
- Monarch - Malietoa Tanumafili II, Head of State of Western Samoa (1963-present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Va'ai Kolone , Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1985-1988)
  2. Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988-1998)

Europe

Albania -
- First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985-1991)
- Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982-1991)
- Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1982-1991)
Andorra -
- Co-Princes -
  - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
  - Joan Martí Alanís, Bishop of Urgel (1971-2003)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cerqueda Pascuet , First Syndic of Andorra (1982-1990)
- Head of Government - Josep Pintat-Solans , Head of Government of Andorra (1984-1990)
Austria -
- President - Kurt Waldheim, President of Austria (1986-1992)
- Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986-1997)
Belgium -
- Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)
- Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981-1992)
Bulgaria -
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954-1989)
- Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971-1989)
- Premier - Georgi Atanasov , Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986-1990)
Cyprus -
1. Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977-1988)
2. Georgios Vasiliou , President of Cyprus (1988-1993)
Czechoslovakia -
- Communist Party Leader - Miloš Jakeš, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1987-1989)
- President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975-1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Lubomír Strougal , Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970-1988)
  2. Ladislav Adamec , Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1988-1989)
Denmark -
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982-1993)
Finland -
- President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1981-1994)
- Prime Minister - Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland (1987-1991)
France -
- President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister of France (1986-1988)
  2. Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988-1991)
Federal Republic of Germany -
- President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of the Federal Republic of Germany (1984-1994)
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1982-1998)
German Democratic Republic -
- Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971-1989)
- Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State (1976-1989)
- Head of Government - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1976-1989)
Greece -
- President - Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985-1990)
- Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981-1989)
Hungary -
- Communist Party Leader-
  1. János Kádár, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956-1988)
  2. Károly Grósz, First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1988-1989)
- Head of State -
  1. Károly Németh, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1987-1988)
  2. Brunó Ferenc Straub , Chairman of the Presidential Council (1988-1989)
- Premier -
  1. Károly Grósz, President of the Council of Ministers (1987-1988)
  2. Miklós Németh, President of the Council of Ministers (1988-1990)
Iceland -
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980-1996)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Thorsteinn Pálsson , Prime Minister of Iceland (1987-1988)
  2. Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1988-1991)
Ireland -
- President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976-1990)
- Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (1987-1992)
Italy -
- President - Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985-1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Giovanni Goria, Prime Minister of Italy (1987-1988)
  2. Ciriaco De Mita, Prime Minister of Italy (1988-1989)
Liechtenstein -
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938-1989)
- Regent - Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam II, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984-1989, Prince 1989-present)
- Head of Government - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978-1993)
Luxembourg -
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
- Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984-1995)
Malta -
- Head of State - Paul Xuereb, Acting President of Malta (1987-1989)
- Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987-1996)
Monaco -
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-present)
- Head of Government - Jean Ausseil , Minister of State of Monaco (1985-1991)
Netherlands -
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands(1980-present)
- Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1994)
Norway -
- Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957-1991)
- Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1986-1989)
Poland -
- Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Secretary-General of the Polish United Workers' Party (1981-1989)
- Head of State - Wojciech Jaruzelski, Chairman of the Council of State (1985-1989, President 1989-1990)
- Premier -
  1. Zbigniew Messner, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985-1988)
  2. Mieczyslaw Rakowski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988-1989)
Portugal -
- President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986-1996)
- Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)
Romania -
- Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceausescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965-1989)
- Head of State - Nicolae Ceausescu, President of the State Council (1967-1989)
- Premier - Constantin Dascalescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1982-1989)
San Marino -
- Captains-General -
  1. Rossano Zafferani and Gian Franco Terenzi , Captains-General of San Marino (1987-1988)
  2. Umberto Barulli and Rosolino Martelli , Captains-General of San Marino (1988)
  3. Luciano Cardelli and Reves Salvatori , Captains-General of San Marino (1988-1989)
Spain
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975-present)
- Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government (1982-1996)
Sweden -
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
- Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986-1991)
Switzerland -
- Swiss Federal Council - Otto Stich, Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, Elisabeth Kopp, Arnold Koller, Flavio Cotti, René Felber, Adolf Ogi; members of the Swiss Federal Council.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
- Communist Party Leader - Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)
- Head of State -
  1. Andrei Gromyko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985-1988)
  2. Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1988-1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet 1989-1990, President 1990-1991)
- Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1985-1991)
United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
- Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)
Vatican City - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign (1978-2005)
Yugoslavia -
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Bosko Krunic , President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1987-1988)
  2. Stipe Suvar , President of the Presidium of the League of Communists (1988-1989)
- Head of State -
  1. Lazar Mojsov, President of the Collective Presidency (1987-1988)
  2. Raif Dizdarevic , President of the Collective Presidency (1988-1989)
- Premier - Branko Mikulic , President of the Federal Executive Council (1986-1989)
Vatican City
- Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978-2005)
- Secretary of State - Agostino Cardinal Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979-1990)

Middle East

Bahrain -
- Monarch - Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1971-1999, Ruler 1961-1971)
- Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1971-present)
Egypt -
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981-present)
- Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, , Prime Minister of Egypt (1986-1996)
Iran -
- Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1980-1989)
- President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981-1989)
- Prime Minister - Mir Hossein Moussavi , Prime Minister of Iran (1981-1989)
Iraq -
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979-1991)
Israel -
- President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-1993)
- Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986-1992)
Jordan -
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952-1999)
- Prime Minister - Zaid ar-Rifai , Prime Minister of Jordan (1985-1989)
Kuwait -
- Monarch - Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-present)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah Al Salim Al Sabah , Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)
Lebanon -
- President -
  1. Amin Gemayel, President of Lebanon (1982-1988)
  2. Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss , Acting President of Lebanon (1988-1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sélim Ahmed al-Hoss , Prime Minister of Lebanon (1987-1990)
  2. Michel Aoun, Chairman of Military Cabinet (1988-1990, in opposition to al-Hoss)
Oman -
- Monarch - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Oman (1970-present)
- Prime Minister - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Prime Minister of Oman (1972-present)
Qatar -
- Monarch - Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani , Emir of Qatar (1972-1995)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifah ibn Hamad Al Thani , Prime Minister of Qatar (1970-1995)
Saudi Arabia -
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-present)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982-present)
Syria -
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987-2000)
Turkey -
- President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1980-1989)
- Prime Minister - Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983-1989)
United Arab Emirates -
- President - Sheikh Zaid ibn Sultan Al Nahayan , President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-present)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid ibn Said Al Maktum , Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979-1990)
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
- President - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council (1986-1990)
- Prime Minister - Yasin Said Numan, Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1986-1990)
Yemen Arab Republic
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of the Yemen Arab Republic (1978-1990)
- Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (1983-1990)

North America and the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-1993)
- Prime Minister - Vere Cornwall Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1981-1994)
Bahamas -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973-present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Gerald Cash , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979-1988)
  2. Sir Henry Milton Taylor , Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988-1992)
- Prime Minister - Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967-1992)
Barbados -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Hugh Springer , Governor-General of Barbados (1984-1990)
- Prime Minister - Erskine Sandiford , Prime Minister of Barbados (1987-1994)
Belize -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981-present)
- Governor-General - Dame Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981-1993)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984-1989)
Canada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Jeanne Sauvé, Governor-General of Canada (1984-1990)
- Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)
Costa Rica - Óscar Arias Sánchez, President of Costa Rica (1986-1990)
Cuba -
- Head of State - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976-present)
- Head of Government - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Minister of Cuba (1976-present, Premier 1959-1976)
Dominica -
- President - Sir Clarence Augustus Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983-1993)
- Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980-1995)
Dominican Republic - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986-1996)
El Salvador - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984-1989)
Grenada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978-1992)
- Prime Minister - Herbert Blaize, Prime Minister of Grenada (1984-1989)
Guatemala - Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1986-1991)
Haiti -
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister - Martial Célestin , Prime Minister of Haiti (9 February - 20 June 1988)
Honduras - José Aczona Hoyo , President of Honduras (1986-1990)
Jamaica -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole , Governor-General of Jamaica (1973-1991)
- Prime Minister - Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980-1989)
Mexico -
1. Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado, President of Mexico (1982-1988)
2. Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988-1994)
Nicaragua - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (1985-1990)
Panama - President -
1. Eric Arturo Delvalle , President of Panama (1985-1988)
2. Manuel Solís Palma , President of Panama (1988-1989)
Saint Kitts and Nevis -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell , Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-1995)
- Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds , Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995-present)
Saint Lucia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979-present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Vincent Floissac , Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1987-1988)
  2. Stanislaus James , Acting Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988-1992, Governor-General 1992-1996)
- Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982-1996)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979-present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace , Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1985-1988)
  2. Henry Harvey Williams , Acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1988-1989)
- Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)
Trinidad and Tobago -
- President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987-1997)
- Prime Minister - A.N.R. Robinson, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1991)
United States of America - Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981-1989)

South America

Argentina - Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983-1989)
Bolivia - Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1985-1989)
Brazil - José Sarney, President of Brazil (1985-1990)
Chile - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1974-1990)
Colombia - Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (1986-1990)
Ecuador -
1. León Febres Cordero Rivadeneira , President of Ecuador (1984-1988)
2. Rodrigo Borja Cevallos , President of Ecuador (1988-1992)
Guyana -
- President - Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985-1992)
- Prime Minister - Hamilton Green , Prime Minister of Guyana (1985-1992)
Paraguay - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954-1989)
Peru - Alan García Pérez, President of Peru (1985-1990)
Suriname -
- President -
  1. L.F. Ramdat Misier , Acting President of Suriname (1982-1988)
  2. Ramsewak Shankar , President of Suriname (1988-1990)
- Head of Government -
  1. Jules Wijdenbosch, Prime Minister of Suriname (1987-1988)
  2. Henck Arron, Vice President of Suriname (1988-1990)
Uruguay - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1985-1990)
Venezuela - Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984-1989)

Your American History Reference Guide! - List of state leaders in 1988

List of state leaders in 1988

Africa

Asia

Australia and Oceania

Europe

Middle East

North America and the Caribbean

South America

Your American History Reference Guide!
- List of state leaders in 1988