ablative (expresses the means or tools by which one accomplishes something)
vocative (used for addressing another person in direct speech, usually identical to nominative)
locative (archaic; used to show location in cities, towns, and small islands, and the nouns rus, domus, and humus; forms for the locative are the same as the genitive in the 1st and 2nd declension singular and the same as the ablative in the 3rd declension singular; towns with plural form (Athens) take their locative from the ablative plural in all declensions.)
Note: Neuter nouns of all declension classes share two properties:
The forms for nominative and accusative singular are identical.
The forms for nominative and accusative plural are identical, and they always end in -a.
Since this behavior tends to obscure the situation, neuter paradigm words were generally avoided (though this isn't always possible).
Neuter pronouns do not always follow the second of these rules, but they do follow the first.
Note that the e in the nominative singular form is just an
insertion to ease pronunciation and is omitted in all other forms. There
are however some words, where the e belongs to the stem proper
and can't be omitted. These are: gener (son-in-law),
socer (father-in-law), puer (boy),
vesper (evening) and liberi (children
- only occurs in plural forms).
3rd. mixed declension
Nouns of this class are can be masculine, feminine of neuter in grammatical gender. This class comprises nouns whose stem ends in a consonant.
Example I, words with no particular ending for nominative singular (paradigma masculine rex - king)
This declension class is the last to develop in Latin; the only nouns that have the full declension are dies and fides.
From res, we get res publicae, or republic: thing of the people.
Adjective declensions
Adjectives are divided into two declension classes. The first (called the "first and second declension") combines the a and o declensions of nouns, with the a endings added when the adjective is feminine, and the o forms for masculines. Neuter adjectives of this class follow the pattern for o class neuter nouns.
The other class for adjectives (called the "third declension") is similar to the third class for nouns, with the important difference that nearly all these adjectives form the ablative singular in -i, not in -e. The nominative singular of these adjectives is also often marked for gender in various ways.
A small class of adjectives follows the "pronominal declension", described below.
