Kiowa is a Kiowa-Tanoan language spoken by the Kiowa.

Sounds

Consonants

The 21 consonants of Kiowa:

Vowels

The 24 vowels of Kiowa:

Kiowa has phonemic oral, nasal, short, and long vowels.

Kiowa also has four diphthongs of the form vowel + /j/.

Grammar

Number

Inverse number.

Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Crowell, Edith. (1949). A preliminary report on Kiowa structure. International Journal of American Linguistics, 15, 163-167.
• Hale, Kenneth. (1962). Jemez and Kiowa correspondences in reference to Kiowa-Tanoan. International Journal of American Linguistics, 28, 1-5.
• Harrington, John P. (1947). Three Kiowa texts. International Journal of American Linguistics, 12, 237-242.
• Hickerson, Nancy P. (1985). Some Kiowa terms for currency and financial transactions. International Journal of American Linguistics, 51, 446-449.
• McKenzie, Parker; & Harrington, John P. (1948). Popular account of the Kiowa Indian language. Sante Fe: University of New Mexico Press.
• Merrill, William; Hansson, Marian; Greene, Candace; & Reuss, Frederick. (1997). A guide to the Kiowa collections at the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 40.
• Merrifield, William R. (1959). The Kiowa verb prefix. International Journal of American Linguistics, 25, 168-176.
• Merrifield, William R. (1959). Classification of Kiowa nouns. International Journal of American Linguistics, 25, 269-271.
• Miller, Wick R. (1959). A note on Kiowa linguistic affiliations. American Anthropologist, 61, 102-105.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Sivertsen, Eva. (1959). Pitch problems in KioK
• Takahashi, Junichi. (1984). Case marking in Kiowa. CUNY. (Doctoral dissertation).
• Trager, George L.; & Trager, Edith. (1959). Kiowa and Tanoan. American Anthropologist, 61, 1078-1083.
• Trager, Edith C. (1960). The Kiowa language: A grammatical study. University of Pennsylvania. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania).
• Trager-Johnson, Edith C. (1972). Kiowa and English pronouns: Contrastive morphosemantics. In L. M. Davis (Ed.), Studies in linguistics, in honor of Raven I. McDavid. University of Alabama Press.
• Watkins, Laurel J. (1990). Noun phrase versus zero in Kiowa discourse. International Journal of American Linguistics, 56, 410-426.
• Watkins, Laurel J. (1993). The discourse functions of Kiowa switch reference. International Journal of American Linguistics, 59, 137-164.
• Watkins, Laurel J.; & McKenzie, Parker. (1984). A grammar of Kiowa. Studies in the anthropology of North American Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-4727-3.
• Wonderly, William; Gibson, Lornia; & Kirk, Paul. (1954). Number in Kiowa: Nouns, demonstratives, and adjectives. International Journal of American Linguistics, 20, 1-7.