Karl I Ludwig, Elector Palatine (22 December 1617 - 28 August 1680) was the second son of Friedrich V, the Winter King, and his wife, Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of King James I of England.

Upon his father's death in 1632, Karl Ludwig inherited his exiled father's pretensions to the Palatinate, and was, in fact, restored to his patrimony with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, although he was not restored to the imperial electorate of which his father had been deprived in 1623 - instead he received a new Electoral title, while the original one remained in the possession of the Electors of Bavaria. Karl Ludwig reigned over a largely devastated country, and consequently his reign was not especially eventful.

The most notable facet of his reign was probably his unilateral divorce of his wife, Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel , and subsequent bigamous marriage to Marie Luise von Degenfeld . This second wife was given the unique title of Raugräfin ("Waste Count"), and their children were known as the Raugraves.