Jovian as an adjective (from Latin Jovis) means "related or pertaining to Jupiter" — either the planet or the Roman god.

Jovian (c. 332 - February 17, 364) was also a soldier elected Roman Emperor by the army on June 26, 363 upon the death of Julian. The latter had been mortally wounded in battle against the Persians. As the Roman army was deep inside Persian territory, Jovian was forced to make peace on unfavourable terms, in order to lead his troops back to friendly territory.

Jovian was a Christian, in contrast to his "apostate" predecessor Julian, who had attempted a revival of paganism. He died on February 17, 364 after a reign of 8 months.