John Carling (January 23, 1828-November 6, 1911) was a prominent politician and businessman from London, Ontario, Canada.

He was the son of Thomas Carling , who immigrated from Yorkshire to Canada in 1818. In 1839 the family moved to London, where Thomas founded the Carling Brewery in 1843. In 1849 the brewery was turned over to John and his brother William.

John’s political career began in municipal government, and in 1858 he was the elected to the provincial legislature. After Confederation in 1867, he represented London in both provincial and federal governments until this was made illegal in 1872 (in the 1871 provincial election he had defeated former London mayor Francis Evans Cornish). From 1872 to 1891 he served in the House of Commons as a Conservative, holding the position of Postmaster General from 1882 to 1885, and Minister of Agriculture from 1885 to 1891. In this position he established the Ontario Agricultural College and the experimental farm near Ottawa. In 1888 he briefly simultaneously held the title of Postmaster General for a second time.

After losing the 1891 election to Charles Hyman , he was appointed to the Senate by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald. However, the election was disputed and declared void, and Carling resigned from the Senate in order to run in a by-election in 1892, which he won. He served in the House of Commons until just before the 1896 election, when he resigned and was re-appointed to the Senate.

Meanwhile, Carling remained active in London affairs, using his positions in the federal government to influence politics and business. In 1875 John and his brother William built a new Carling Brewery, and an even larger one was built when this burned down in 1879. The brewery was one of the largest in Canada and rivalled the production of fellow London brewery Labatt.

He also ensured that the Great Western Railway, the London and Port Stanley Railway, and the London, Huron and Bruce Railway passed through the city. Due to his influence the Grand Trunk Railroad began to manufacture their cars in London. In 1878 he established a water commission to provide a water supply to the city. He also established the Ontario Hospital for the Insane in London, and in 1885 he was responsible for establishing Wolseley Barracks, now the home of a Royal Canadian Regiment reserve. Carling also facilitated the establishment of Victoria Park.

He was knighted in 1893, and served in the Senate until his death in 1911.

In 1927 Carling Brewery sponsored a trans-atlantic flight from London (Canada) to London (UK). The plane was named the Sir John Carling, but both it and its pilots, Terence Tully and James Medcalf, disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean.

Today there is an arena in London named after him. The town of Port Carling, Ontario is also named in his honour. His great-granddaughter, Carling Bassett-Seguso, was a noted Canadian athlete in the 1980s.