In 1938 the council communist journal International Council Correspondence changed its name to Living Marxism. In 1942 the journal's name changed again to New Essays. From 1934 Paul Mattick was the chief editor and contributor. Karl Korsch also contributed. The journal's original purpose was to correspond with fellow council communists, primarily in Europe. The journal changed its name as the European council communists began to go underground in the late 1930s.