The Hukbalahap was the militant arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), formed in 1942 to fight the Japanese occupation in the Philippines during World War II. The term is a contraction of the Filipino term "Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon" which means "Army of Nation Against the Japanese". The group is more commonly known as "Huks". It started off as several groups of resistance against the Japanese imperial army that occupied the Philippines after the defeat of the American-Filipino military in the early days of World War II.

After World War II, this militant arm of the CPP took on the name New People's Army.