Map
Statistics
State:	Thuringia
District:	Eichsfeld
Verwaltungsgemeinschaft:	Mettmann
Area:	6.79 km²
Population:	978 (12/31/2002)
Population density:	144/km²
Elevation:	350 m
Postal code:	37345
Area/distance code:	036077
Location:
Car designation:	EIC
Municipal key:	16 0 61 051
Address of the cityadministration:	Teichstraße 1, Holungen 37345
Website:	www.holungen.de
Politics
Mayor:	Benno Mumdey

Holungen is a Thuringian (German) municipality in the district of Eichsfeld. Distance from Göttingen is approx. 35 km. With a population around 1,000, it is one of the medium-size municipalities in the district.

Contents

1 Coat of arms 2 Origin of the name 3 Location 4 Early History 4.1 The time of the German Empire 5 Holungen during the two World Wars 6 Post-War Holungen and the mines 7 Population 8 People 8.1 Associations 9 External links

Coat of arms

On the coat of arms, the right side represents Sonnenstein. In one part of the left side, the Mainzer wheel represents the Kurfürstentum Mainz , and the other part of the left represents two crossed hammers indicative of potash mining and symbolizing the environment. Over many decades, mining was of enormous economic importance.

Origin of the name

The research over the origin of the name goes back to antiquity. Evidence for the origin comes mostly from documents in the Georde Monasatery . The name Holungen comes from the German word for hold (= a mild benevolent goddess or woman). This word can, in addition, mean that to which the word Wald would correspond. In the older times, the name was changed from Holdungen to Urkunden . However, the expression Haulungen returned again in what is called Waldweide ab euben Abhange. The villages that ends with -ungen were shifted into an older settlement period. Therefore is it possible that the emergence of colonization is farther back in time than realized. It could have existed as far back as 531. In the settlement period all place names end with ?-ungen?. Afterwards the northern part of Eichsfeld belonged to the Saxons, especially Holungen. Saxon characteristics and peculiarities were taken over. Thus it can be also explained that a language border runs through Holungen. Residents speak Low Saxon, and people of the neighboring town named Bischofferode speak High-German .

Location

Holungen is located on the foot of the Ohm mountains in Talgrund, where about 35 km of Resin is located. It is therefore specified as a heap village. In the south, it separates and the Ohm mountain lies with the Wilden church. The high chamber lies west in the place, where the valley separates. In the north, the 486 m mountain named Sonnenstein rises above the village. In addition, grasslands are found there. The valley ground with Bode lies in the east. There is a large potash stockpile, which is nearly as high as the adjacent mountains.

Holungen lies 350 m above sea level. Holungen is protected from the easterly winds and other external influences by mountains. Its soil consists of crystalline rock, made of minerals such as quartz, feldspar and mica. By the erosion of rocks combied with sandy soil, quartz clay/tone and loam is formed.

Early History

The establishment of Holungen was recorded in documents found in the Monastery of Gerode in the period between 531 and 800. In the following centuries, there were many wartime situations in the place and in the environment. In 933, Heinrich I invaded from Hungary to pUnstrut. 22 years later, he was succeeded by his son Otto the Great on Lechfelde. Afterwards, peace returns to the area.

Between 1118 and 1120 the Gerode Monastery was developed. In 1120, the Thuringian landgraf Heinrich Raspe died. It was in 1236 to 1247, a national gentleman from a part of the Marks, the today's Duderstadt. Elizabeth of Thuringia was his sister-in-law. In 1246, Holungen entered the war of Frederick II . After his death, there were feuds for the inheritance of the Thuringeian langgrafenhauses, and Holungen was devastated. Many inhabitants fled in the time after Duderstadt. These happenings are partially deduced from documents dating to 1266 and 1299. The documents of 1266 also produce the first documentation where Holungen became mentioned as Haldrungen. Between 1350 and 1370, the village was rebuilt again and belonged to Grafschaft Lohra . Since 1370, Holungen became a part of Grafschaft Honstein and in 1431, it became by exchange the monastery village of the Monastery Gerode. In 1525 in the course of the Peasants' War, Holungen was destroyed.

The time of the German Empire

The Thirty Years' War arrived and didn't stop before Holungen, and in 1626, much devastation was caused by the gentleman von Herzog Christian von Braunschweig . In the year 1701, it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia, thus Eichsfeld and Holungen were further subordinated to the principality Mainz. Frederick the Great called Eichsfeld out between 1740-1786 for war services in Austria and stood in the war against Prussia. Many Holungen citizens were involved in these wars or were enlisted with the Kurmainzischen Husarencorps. Thus even today there are still some Holungen names in Vienna. In 1802, Eichsfeld was finally annexed to Prussia. This was on August 3, the birthday of the Prussia king Friedrich William III.

Prussian rule held only for four years and ten weeks, up to the years 1806 and 1807, in which Prussia was nearly completely destroyed. In addition, half of the countries, as well as Grossmachtstellung , were robbed. In the year 1806, Holungen lost the The Battle of Jena and Auerstedt, whereby in December, Napoleon took possession of the two Eichsfeldischen districts, including Holungen. Friederick William III fled with its wife and after the prince Memel. The French required massive supplies, which the Holungers had to supply. In 1807, Eichsfeld joined the Kingdom of Westphalia with the capital in Kassel. On January 1, 1808 the Napoleonic Code came into effect. The young men had to serve in the army of the French. In that time, many troops marched to Eichsfeldand and established themselves in Holungen. After the struggle for liberty, Eichsfeld rejoined Prussia. Laws were created, and Worbis received their own city and regional court. Holungen Gerode was assigned to the office for court. At that time, Holungen had 650 inhabitants. In 1841, Holungen received its first Kaplan. Since January 28, 1844 there was each signing and a complete holiday service according to the condition of the Kommissariats.

In 1848, there was much excess population in the district of Worbis, therefore the villages of Buergerwehren created, and the mayors were subordinated. The weirs were equipped with pikes, swords and rifles. One year later the furnished Grundbuchamt (lit. land register office) was completely in the district court of Worbis. Cholera Worbis looked for the district in the year 1850. The neighboring place Weißenborn registered, Holungen was rarely concerned. In September of 1855, the king visited many places in the district. For its liberty, Eichsfeld had suffered much by wars, crop failures and plagues. Holungen received money for the reconstruction of some burned-down houses from it. On February 2, 1861, King Friedrich William IV died, and his brother Wilhelm I stepped to his place. In the same year, the establishment of the contactor association and the development of the Chaussee were made by Grasenforst. The Holungers were dissatisfied with this development, since another variant for the place would have been more favorable. In February, 1865, there was a lost large development. The Chaussee led from Worbis across the Sonnenstein after Gerode and was half an hour, and the old way of Holungen continued to be nearly completely supported by tourism thereby.

The years 1870 and 1871 saw the Franco-Prussian War, and on January 30, 1871, under the Prussian King William I, Germany became an empire. Many Kriegskameradschaften developed and later a Kriegerverein were based. In Holungen, support of emperor Wilhelm was very high. This laid to large parts to the city some Holunger (Josef Hildebrandt ), from 1861-1888 of the emperor was. In that time, Holungen had approx. 650 inhabitants, 2 nursery gardens, 1 Hirtenhaus, 1 school, 1 municipality Schenke and one fire hall. In addition, the place possessed 196 acres.

On April 1, 1876, rector Friedrich Polak was appointed out as the school inspector from Nordhausen. A second teacher and a new Holungen school was built. In the March of 1871 properties in the entire corridor were measured. By the different altitudes it was possible that there were differences in the measurements, but in 232 cases the permissible difference was exceeded. In 100 cases it amounted to even twice the limit. The owners gave the land in Separation sverfahren and could it be returned afterwards, thus the corridor was made smaller. In 1906, it came out that 180 acres were missing, which were actually registered in the land register. In 1925, the land was booked doubly, one for the forest treasury and the other for the municipality of Weißenborn. The objection raised Holungen, however without any success.

In June of 1890, Holungen created an association of building of the churches in Holungen, and one year later the building of the church began. The stones were supplied from the obvious quarry at Wehnberg . A teacher from Holungen learned to play with young humans and played on neighboring villages for the structure of the church. on June 20, 1893, Holungen was inaugurated by bishop Dr. Augustinus Gockel . One year later, Standesamt came from Bischofferode to Holungen. In 1895, a road was built toward Bischofferode, and Holungen received support from the national's building inspection Mühlhausen. In 1896, the place received a new church organ. In 1899, the Holunger Gesangsverein, a singing association, was created. The year 1908 saw the mining of the first potash pit at the Thomas Müntzer mine.

Holungen during the two World Wars

Holungen remained as far as possible exempted from the direct action of the two world wars. In the First World War, 160 Holunger became soldiers. 36 men did not return to Holungen. To their memory, a gedenktafel was established in the church under the tower.

Post-War Holungen and the mines

In 1993, the mining company was terminated. The closing of mine shafts provided at that time country-wide for attention there for potash employees with many actions (Hunger strike and marched to Berlin) and the slogan Bischofferode ist überall, lit. Bischofferode was written everywhere was made attentive. Mining was of great importance for the close-lying villages and created over 1,000 jobs. The economy of the region recovered slowly from this shock. Even if the mine was brought to the municipality of Holungen with Bischofferode in connection was a majority of the working area in that area.

In Holungern after the change were reorganized. Many households got a telephone and a gasanschluss, etc. In 1995 The II. Eichfelder Trachtenfest in Holungen was celebrated. This celebration brought various adornments for getting, for example the place around the pond and a new fire station.

Population

In 1900, Holungen counted 671 people in 104 houses. In each house lived on average between 5 to 7 people. Up to the beginning of the WWI, the number of inhabitants rose slowly. To the war from this development of people went for refuge in Holungen. From 1925 to 1940 the population declined. During the Second World War, the population was evacuated. Then in 1945 the population for the first time exceeded 1,000, with 1,092 residents. In 1947, the number of inhabitants reached 1,332, the highest count in Holungen. After this time the total population decreased again slowly. 1964, there were 1,080 with 315 families. The number of extended families decreased ever more. In 1978, the number of the inhabitants was again below 1,000,until it reached above 1,000 in 1983 In the beginning of 1990, it fell below 1,00 and had 948, afterwards returned above 1,000 for the third time in 2001 1ith 1,005 but dropped below the 1,000 letel in 2003, where the population plunged to 978.

People

Holungen-born:

• Dr. Hermann Iseke (1856-1907) poet of Eichsfelder Sang and other works
• Anton Thraen (1843-1903) gave names of minor planets include 442 Eichsfeldia and 443 Photographia

Associations

The largest associations in Holungen are the male-singer's association Einigkeit , the association for local history Dr. Hermann Iseke Holungen, the Thomas-M&uumontzer-Kaliverein Bischofferode e.V. and the sport association Blau-Weiß Holungen . There are however no more activities in this sport. Within the football range the Maennermannschft plays in two. District-class. In 1864, Holungen's contactor association was based. A reestablishment after the two world wars never really took place. Nevertheless still another protecting route for Holungen.

External links

(in German)

• Info abour Holungen a page where Holunger youths about their homeland village
• School project a schoolproject of Regelschule Bischofferode in Holungen