For the United States Supreme Court justice, please see Henry Baldwin.

Henry Porter Baldwin (February 22, 1814–December 31, 1892), was Governor of Michigan and U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan.

Baldwin was born in Coventry, Rhode Island and attended the common schools. He moved to Detroit, Michigan and established a wholesale business in boots and shoes in 1838. He was a member of the convention which organized the U.S. Republican Party in Jackson, Michigan in 1854. He was influential in organizing the sixth Episcopal parish in the northern outskirts of Detroit in 1858 and in building St. John's Episcopal Church for the parish. Baldwin donated the church lot and underwrote the entire cost of building a chapel to seat 150 persons and a rectory.

He was director of the Michigan State Bank and president of the Second National Bank of Detroit , 1863–1887. He was a member of the Michigan State Senate, 2nd District, 1861–1862. He was Governor of Michigan, 1869–1873. He was appointed and subsequently elected as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Zachariah Chandler and served November 17, 1879–March 3, 1881. He was not a candidate for reelection and resumed his former business pursuits, serving as president of the Detroit National Bank, 1883–1887. He died in Detroit and is interred in Elmwood Cemetery.