The Gulf of Taranto (Italian: Golfo di Taranto, Latin: Sinus Tarentinus) is a gulf of the Ionian sea, in southern Italy.

The Gulf of Taranto is almost square, 140 km long and wide, and is delimited by the capes Santa Maria di Leuca (east, Apulia) and Colonna (the ancient Cape Lacinium, west, in Calabria). It is surrounded by three Italian regions, Apulia, Basilicata, and Calabria. The most important rivers are the Basento, the Sinni, and the Agri.

The main cities on the gulf are:

• Taranto
• Gallipoli

Coordinates:

• NW Lat/Long: N 41.00/ W 17.41
• NE Lat/Long: N 40.59/ E 15.51
• SW Lat/Long: N 39.58/ E 15.51
• SE Lat/Long: N 40.00/ W 17.41