Yakov Karlovich Grot, R Яков Карлович Грот (1812-1893), was a nineteenth-century Russian philologist of Swedish extaction who worked at the University of Helsingfors.

In his lifetime he gained fame for his translations of German and Scandinavian poetry, his work on the theory of Russian orthography, lexicography, and grammar, and his approach to literary editing and criticism, exemplified in a full edition of the works of Derzhavin (1864-83). His Russkoe Pravopisanie (1878, 1885) (R Русское правописание) became the standard textbook of Russian spelling and punctuation until superseded by the decrees of 1917-1918, although his definition of the theoretical foundations remains little changed to this day. Shortly before his death, he assumed the compilation of Academic dictionary of Russian (1891-1923), which, although continued by Shakhmatov , was never to be completed. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1858, its chairman from 1884, and its vice-president from 1889. He was appointed Russian-language tutor to the future tsars Alexander II and Alexander III.