According to the Sumerian king list, Gilgamesh was the fourth king of Uruk (Early Dynastic II, first dynasty of Uruk), the son of Lugalbanda. Legend has it that his mother was Ninsun, a goddess.

He was succeeded by his son Ur-Nungal who ruled for 30 years. He built a temple to Ninlil in Nippur, and possibly the walls of Uruk.

Despite the lack of direct evidence, most scholars do not object to consideration of Gilgamesh as a historical figure. If he was a historical king, he probably reigned in ca. the 26th century BC.

In most texts Gilgamesh is written with the determinative for divine beings (DINGIR), but there is no evidence for a contemporary cult, and the Sumerian Gilgamesh myths suggest the deification was a later development (unlike the case of the Akkadian god-kings). Historical or not, Gilgamesh became a legendary protagonist in the Epic of Gilgamesh.

Popular Culture

Sumerian Gilgamesh has inspired several works in modern popular culture:

• Gilgamesh the King by Robert Silverberg.
• Gilgamesh (Final Fantasy).
• "Gilgamesh" is also a character in TV series Xena: Warrior Princess.
• An anime show by the same name in 2003.
• In the Marvel Comics universe, a character known as the Forgotten One claimed to have been the historical Gilgamesh.
• Gilgamesh, an opera by Serbian composer Rudolf Brucci based on the Epic.
• Gilgamesh is also a character in the game Fate/stay night, produced by TYPE-MOON.

See also

• Epic of Gilgamesh
• Chaldean mythology