Garfagnana is an historical region of Italy, today part of the province of Lucca in the Appennines, in Tuscany, but before the unity of Italy it belonged to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, ruled by the Este family. For a short time, in the 16th century, it was governed by the poet Ludovico Ariosto. It is one of the most rainy regions of Italy, so is in a large part covered by forest vegetation (mainly Chestnut, Oak and Pine).

Garfagnana's porcini are also some of the most famous mushrooms in Italy.