Free banking is a theory of banking which involves only market forces, with a conspicuous absence of central banks and any banking regulations, with only the laws that apply to everyday life applicable. This general scheme of market determinism is also known as Laissez-faire capitalism, though Individualist Anarchists (some of which historically have defended capitalism, while others had not) see this as a step towards the beginning of "true freedom."

References:

http://www.shef.ac.uk/~var/free-banking/