Dorival Caymmi (born April 30, 1914 in Salvador, Bahia) is considered to be one to the most important songwriters in Brazilian popular music. The son of an Italian immigrant and a black Bahian woman, he has a distinctive style of his own and is the writer of some classic MPB songs, including Dora, Promessa de Pescador and O Vento.

A contemporary and sometimes rival of Ary Barroso , Dorival Caymmi first achieved success in the late 1930s working with Carmen Miranda. In the 1960s many of his songs were covered by bossa nova pioneer João Gilberto, and he collaborated with Antonio Carlos Jobim as well.

His son Dori Caymmi and daughter Nana Caymmi are also prominent musicians.