De Humanis Corporis Fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body) was published by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) in the year of 1543.

This book is based on his Paduan lectures, during which he deviated from common practice by dissecting a corpse to illustrate what he was discussing. It presents a careful examination of the organs and the complete structure of the human body. This would would not have been possible without the many advances that had been made during the Renaissance, including both the artistic developments and the technical development of printing. Because of this, he was able to produce superior illustrations to any that had been produced up to then.

On the Fabric of the Human Body rectified some of Galen's worst errors, including the notion that the great blood vessels originated from the liver. Even with his improvements, Vesalius clung to some of Galen's errors, such as the idea that there was a different type of blood flowing through each the veins and arteries.

It was not until William Harvey's work on the circulation of the blood that Galen's misconception would be rectified.