Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (September 29 1699 - April 24 1751) was a British noble and Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland.

Charles was 16 when his father, Benedict Leonard Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore died passing on his title. Shortly after his father's death, the title to Maryland was restored to the Calvert family who had lost it following the Glorious Revolution.

As an adult he became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a friend of Frederick Louis who was Prince of Wales and the eldest son of King George II of England.

In 1732, Charles visited Maryland for the first time and was engaged in a border dispute with the Penn family who governed Pennsylvania in which Charles unwittingly agreed to a settlement b ased on an inaccurate map causing him to renege on the agreement. Charles' error ultimately resulted in the loss to the territory of several thousand square miles.

On July 20 1730 Charles married Mary Janson, the daughter of Theodore Janson and Williamza Henley. Charles and Mary had three children: Frederick Calvert who succeeded his father to become the 6th and final Lord Baltimore, Benedict Swingate Calvert, Louisa Calvert and Caroline Calvert.