A canton is a territorial subdivision of a country, e.g. region or state.

Cantons exist in the following countries:

• Cantons of Bosnia: a subdivision of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Cantons of Costa Rica
• Canada: cantons of Quebec (see also township (Canada))
• Cantons of France: a subdivision of arrondissements and departments of France, grouping several municipalities (communes)
• Cantons of Luxembourg: a subdivision of the districts of Luxembourg
• Cantons of Switzerland: each a state within Switzerland

In 1873, Cantonalists took over the city of Cartagena, Spain, a haven for the Spanish Navy, and declared the city independent.