Cangaço is a movement of peasant revolts in northeastern Brazil.

"Cangaço" translates to banditry in reference to this common form of peasant protest. Other forms of protest associated with this movement, crushed under Getúlio Vargas, included messianism, anarchic uprisings, and tax evasion, which were all invasive before 1930 due to the decline of the Northeastern Brazilian economy.

See also: history of Brazil, land reform