Barracks communism (barracks socialism) is the term coined by Karl Marx to refer to primitive egalitarian concepts of communism with bureacratic reglamentation of all aspects of social activity. In particular, Marx applied this term to the ideas of Sergey Nechayev exposed in his Fundamentals of the Future Social System and to German "petit bourgeoisie" revolutionaries of the middle of 18th century.

Later, ideologists of Soviet Union applied this term to social trends in People's Republic of China of 1950s-1970s.