Arthur Wentworth Roebuck (February 28 1878 - November 17 1971) was a Canadian politician and labour lawyer.

Roebuck ran for a seat in the Canadian House of Commons in the 1917 Canadian election as a Laurier Liberal but was defeated. He won a seat in the Ontario legislature in the 1934 provincial election that brought the Ontario Liberal Party led by Mitchell Hepburn to power. Roebuck was a senior figure in the Hepburn government serving as Attorney-General from 1934 to 1937 as well as Minister of Labour from 1934 until 1935. A progressive, Roebuck promoted the rights of Jews against the anti-Semitism that was still prevalent in 1930s Ontario and also defended the rights of trade unions breaking with Hepburn over the government's handling of the 1937 United Auto Workers strike against General Motors in Oshawa and resigning in protest with fellow minister David Croll. Roebuck remained as the Liberal MPP for the Toronto riding of Bellwoods until 1940.

Reentering federal politics, Roebuck was elected Liberal Member of Parliament for the Toronto riding of Trinity in the 1940 Canadian election. He attempted to return to provincial politics running in the 1943 Ontario Liberal leadership convention to succeed Hepburn but finished second to Harry Nixon. In 1945 he was appointed to the Canadian Senate by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and remained in the Upper House until his death.

He was an important figure in the civil liberties movement in Canada following the war. Following the Igor Gouzenko Affair, Roebuck opposed the government's suspension of the individual rights of individuals accused of espionage and criticised the use of the Royal Commission on Espionage's transcripts in court. Later, he participated in the defence of Israel Halperin, one of the accused spies, and chaired the Senate Committee on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in 1950, advocating the creation of a Canadian Bill of Rights.