Arthabaska County is an historical county in central Quebec, Canada. Its county seat was Arthabaska and the main city was Victoriaville. It was bounded on the northeast by Mégantic County on the southeast Wolfe County, on the southwest by Drummond County and Richmond County and on the northwest by Nicolet County.

In the early 1980s Quebec's counties were abolished and most of Arthabaska County became the Arthabaska Regional County Municipality. The northeastern part of the county was transferred to L'Érable Regional County Municipality.