Emir Mohammed Alim Khan (1880-1944) was the last emir of Bukhara. Alim Khan was ruler of Bukhara's autonomous city-state in Central Asia. The Emir presided over the internal affairs of his emirate as absolute monarch, although since the mid-1800s Bukhara had been a vassal state of the Russian Empire.

During the Russian Civil War (1917-1921) Bolsheviks annexed Bukhara in 1920; the emir fled and went into exile in Afghanistan. He died in Kabul in 1944.