There are many cartridges which use 7.62 mm caliber bullets. The two most commonly referred to, due to their military use, are the Soviet 7.62 × 39 mm ("7.62 Soviet" or "7.62 short") and the NATO 7.62 × 51 mm, aka the .308 Winchester.

7.62 mm refers to the diameter of the lands in the barrel (see article on rifling for description of lands). The actual bullet is normally .308 in (7.82 mm), although Soviet weapons commonly use a .310 in (7.87 mm) bullet, as do older British and Japanese cartridges.

Soviet

• 7.62 x 39 mm M43
• 7.62 x 54R
• 7.62 x 25 mm TT

NATO

• 7.62 x 51 mm NATO

See also

• List of rifle cartridges
• 7 mm caliber