The year 1830 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

Astronomy

• Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer produce the first map of the surface of Mars

Biology

• Charles Bell publishes his Nervous System of the Human Body

Geology

• Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his The Principles of Geology

Awards

• Copley Medal: not awarded

Births

• March 5 - Étienne-Jules Marey (d. 1904), physiologist.
• March 5 - Charles Wyville Thompson (d. 1882), marine biologist.
• May 10 - François Marie Raoult (d. 1901), chemist.
• August 19 - Lothar Meyer (d. 1895), chemist.

Deaths

• May 16 - Joseph Fourier (b. 1768), mathematician.