The year 1756 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

See also: 1755 in science, other events of 1756, 1757 in science and the list of years in science.

Chemistry

• Joseph Black describes how carbonates become more alkaline when they lose carbon dioxide, whereas the taking-up of carbon dioxide reconverts them

Technology

• John Smeaton produces the first high-quality cement since Roman times, used in the construction of the Eddystone lighthouse

Awards

• Copley Medal: Not awarded

Births

• September 21 - John Loudon McAdam, road-engineer (died 1836)
• December 26 - Bernard Germain Etienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacepede, naturalist (died 1825)
• Ernst Chladni, physicist (died 1827)
• Jean Chaptal , French chemist who named nitrogen in 1790 (died 1832)

Deaths

• Jacques Cassini, astronomer (born 1677)